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Pengalaman ibu primipara dengan riwayat sectio caesarea dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI): scoping review
Author:
Dwi Margareta Andini(1*)
Andari Wuri Astuti(2)
Fitria Siswi Utami(3) (1) Universitas 'Aisiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
10.32536/jrki.v3i1.40|
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Badan Kesehatan Dunia pada tahun 2018 melaporkan bahwa rata-rata angka pemberian ASI eksklusif di dunia adalah 38% sementara target cakupan pemberian ASI yakni 80%. Ibu primipara mempunyai resiko lebih tinggi mengalami kesulitan pada pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dikarenakan minimnya pengalaman dan persiapan menjadi ibu. Selain faktor primipara, jenis persalinan juga mempengaruhi keberhasilan menyusui secara eksklusif. Ibu dengan post secarean section mempunyai resiko lebih tinggi untuk tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayinya karena adanya hambatan rasa nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan baik secara fisik maupun emosional. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk melihat gambaran pengalaman ibu dalam melakukan praktik menyusui pada ibu dengan persalinan cesarean section Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah scooping review yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan, yaitu: melakukan focusing review dengan framework PEOS (Population, Exposure, Outcome dan Study Design), melakukan literature searching menggunakan databases yang relevan. Menyeleksi studi yang relevan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi; melakukan critical appraisal untuk menilai kualitas literature, melakukan data extraksi, menganalisis dan melaporkan hasil. PRISMA Flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), digunakan untuk menggambarkan alur pencarian literature. Hasil : 6 literature terseleksi dan mempunyai Grade A dan B. Dua tema muncul sebagai hasil dari scooping review yaitu faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pemberian ASI dan dampak tidak melakukan IMD untuk keberlangsungan pemberian ASI. Simpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI yakni jenis persalinan, Inisiasi Menyusui Dini, pengalaman menyusui sebelumnya, kebijakan rumah sakit, paritas, tenaga kesehatan, pengetahuan ibu, dukungan orang terdekat, komplikasi selama persalinan, self efficacy, Budaya dan anggapan masyarakat. Persalinan cesarean section berdampak pada proses laktogenesis II tertunda.
Background: WHO 2018 reported only 38% babies have breastfed exlusively, whilst the target is 80 %. Evidence reveal that primiparous women have higher risk for having difficulties for practicing breastfeeding compare to women who experienced parenting before. Additionally, women with post section secarean also have barriers on practicing breasfeeding due to feeling pain and discomfort after section sectarian. Study Aim: This study aimed to explore breastfeeding practice and experiences amongst women after cesarean section. Methods: Scooping review was applied in this study which involved the steps; focusing review by using PEOS (Population, Exposure, Outcome dan Study Design) framework, literature search in relevant databases, applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to selected relevant studies, critical appraisal to assess quality of selected studies; data extraction; analyzing and data reporting. PRISMA Flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used to describes the steps from searching liteartures until studies inclusion. Result: 6 studies with Grade A and B included for review. Two themes emerged which are factors influencing exclusive berastfeeding and outcome of not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Factors that influence the success of breastfeeding are the type of labor, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, previous breastfeeding experience, hospital policy, parity, health personnel, maternal knowledge, support of the closest person, complications during labor, self efficacy, culture and public opinion. Cesarean section labor has a delayed effect on the process of lactogenesis II.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32536/jrki.v3i1.40
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